Stamp Collecting Encyclopaedia Letter E

Embossed

When paper is run through two engraved cylinders it will show a light imprint of this engraving. The design will be in low relief in relation to the surface of the paper.
This technique has often been used for the production of postal stationery. In most cases an embossed print was used together with normal prints. This to give the envelope or card a sort of official look.
Embossing has not been used on stamps a lot, because stamp paper is thinner than paper used in the production of postal stationery. Embossing will cause distortion of the paper, which will make perforation very difficult.

Embossing

Embossing is the process of impressing a design in relief into the paper or an envelope during print process without the use of ink.

Engraving

Engraving is a method of printing in which the lines of the design are cut into metal, which are recessed to retain the ink. The paper is forced under pressure into these lines to pick up the ink. Therefore the engraved stamps appear to have a design raised above the surface of the paper. You can clearly feel the ink on a stamp with your fingertip.

Entire

This word describes a complete postal item. This can be an envelope, wrapper or postal stationery, but does not necessarily include the message itself.

Envelope

An envelope is a flat, folded paper container, especially for a letter. The envelope was invented by the Englishman Bewer. Bewer sold his envelopes from 1835 onwards, thus some years before the first postage stamp was issued.
In the early days of postal history no envelopes were used. The letter was simply folded together and often a seal was affixed to the letter to prevent unintended reading.

Error

An error is a abnormal variety created by a mistake in the production of a stamp or postmark. Mistakes such as an inverted centre or a lack of perforations are highly regarded by collectors. When a mistake has been made during printing these faults are "printing errors".
Also mistakes in the design are called "errors". Usually these mistakes are noticed before the stamp is printed, but sometimes these faults are overlooked. Funny stamps can be the result. Columbus made use of a telescope, an invention from hundreds of years later and a composer was remembered with a piece of music written by a colleague.
Sometimes stamps with mistakes are withdrawn and a new stamp is printed.

Essay

An essay is a trial design. Usually this is a hand-drawn or printed design for a proposed postage stamp.

Event cover

An event cover bears a cachet and is prepared as a souvenir of a specific event or an anniversary of an event.
An event cover is usually not made by a postal authority but is a private initiative. The maker of such a cover generally tries to fabricate an envelope whereby the event, design, stamp and postmark resemble some kind of relation, but the maker does not always succeed in this.
Stamp clubs often issue an event cover in remembrance of an exhibition. Event covers are made for participators on congresses and conferences too.

Exchange club

An exchange club whereby members circulate philatelic material by mail. An exchange club does not normally arrange meetings of members. Usually stamps are offered individually priced in booklets.
On the web you can find some trade lists. On such a list collectors are stated with their interests and trade material. Often stamps are offered in packets.
You have to be aware that not all collectors are reliable. Some will sent stamps of inferior quality while others do not keep their promises.

Express stamps

Express stamps are used for delivery of letters by express messenger. Express stamps denote an extra charge for this service. Special delivery stamps are of the same character, as are the Italian "espresso" stamps.
The design of an express stamp often denotes its purpose. A running postman or delivery by motorcycle are frequently used motifs.
Express stamps are often used as a special surtax stamp and used together with a postage stamp.

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